In most African countries, the primary language of instruction in schools, especially from the later years of primary school onward, is a former colonial language such as English, French or Portuguese.

For the purposes of this debate, the motion concerns a world in which, from independence onward, African states used one or more indigenous African languages as the primary language of instruction throughout schooling. Colonial languages would still be taught as secondary subjects or electives.

Subcultures refer to social communities that are formed around a set of shared values which include but are not limited to esthetics, music or lifestyles. They usually exist in opposition to more dominant social norms offering members a distinct identity outside of mainstream society. Examples of these subcultures include but are not limited to punk rock, skate culture, early hip-hop and goth culture.

Subcultures refer to social communities that are formed around a set of shared values which include but are not limited to esthetics, music or lifestyles. They usually exist in opposition to more dominant social norms offering members a distinct identity outside of mainstream society. Examples of these subcultures include but are not limited to punk rock, skate culture, early hip-hop and goth culture.

African states compete with one another to attract foreign capital by offering economic inducements, such as tax holidays, subsidies, relaxed environmental or labour regulation, and favourable terms on land. Regional Economic Communities (RECs) such as ECOWAS, SADC and the EAC currently exercise limited influence over the terms their member states offer.

For the purposes of this debate, "economic inducements" refers to any policy a state offers specifically to attract or retain foreign capital."

African states compete with one another to attract foreign capital by offering economic inducements, such as tax holidays, subsidies, relaxed environmental or labour regulation, and favourable terms on land. Regional Economic Communities (RECs) such as ECOWAS, SADC and the EAC currently exercise limited influence over the terms their member states offer.

For the purposes of this debate, "economic inducements" refers to any policy a state offers specifically to attract or retain foreign capital."

Jailbreaking a gaming console refers to exploiting software or hardware flaws to bypass manufacturer restrictions, allowing users to run software the manufacturer has not authorised. This can include playing older games on newer hardware, modifying or combining games, and running unofficial software. 

Recently, general-purpose AI coding tools have significantly lowered the technical skill barrier needed to jailbreak consoles and adapt games, making these practices accessible to ordinary consumers rather than only expert hobbyists. For the purposes of this debate, the “jailbreak revolution” refers to this growing, AI-assisted movement.

Supporters frame jailbreaking as a response to industry practices such as phasing out physical discs, selling games as revokable digital licenses  and limiting backward compatibility. Cooporations push against this by pursuing legal action and enforcing bans on players found to be jailbreaking

Jailbreaking a gaming console refers to exploiting software or hardware flaws to bypass manufacturer restrictions, allowing users to run software the manufacturer has not authorised. This can include playing older games on newer hardware, modifying or combining games, and running unofficial software. 

Recently, general-purpose AI coding tools have significantly lowered the technical skill barrier needed to jailbreak consoles and adapt games, making these practices accessible to ordinary consumers rather than only expert hobbyists. For the purposes of this debate, the “jailbreak revolution” refers to this growing, AI-assisted movement.

Supporters frame jailbreaking as a response to industry practices such as phasing out physical discs, selling games as revokable digital licenses  and limiting backward compatibility. Cooporations push against this by pursuing legal action and enforcing bans on players found to be jailbreaking